zonisamide  (Eisai Inc)

Journal: EMBO Molecular Medicine

Article Title: A novel model of glioblastoma recurrence to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities

doi: 10.1038/s44321-025-00237-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Quantification of fluorescence images after cilia inhibition. Both cell lines were either treated with DMSO alone, 50 nM and 250 nM of MBZ for 48 h before fixation. Each cilia was counted and the total number of cilia within each field normalized to the total number of nuclei within that field. Each captured field contained 25 tiles, and each tile was captured at a 63X magnification. n = 3 fields quantified per condition, data shown as mean ± SD. Unpaired t-test. GIC39R: * p = 0.0242 and ** p = 0.0057; GIC67R: * p = 0.0255 and ** p = 0.0039. ( B ) Left: surface plots of synergy scores obtained after combination treatment of MBZ and TMZ on recurrent GIC (top: Patient 39; bottom: Patient 67). n = 3 biologically independent experiments. Right: matrices reporting Loewe Synergy Scores obtained after combination treatment of MBZ and TMZ in GIC39R (top) or GIC67R (bottom). n = 3 independent biological experiments. ( C ) Venn diagram showing intersections of differentially expressed genes between XGIC and XGICR or IRGIC—samples processed for scRNAseq. Patient 39 on the left and patient 67 on the right. Both intersect presented a list of potential targets. Genes selected as potential recurrence patient-specific targets from the top 10 DE genes and the corresponding drugs which were selected are shown next to the relative Venn diagram. ( D ) Cell viability assay of patient-derived GICs and GICRs, treated with increasing concentrations of Zonisamide (right, patient 67), Pyrimethamine (top left, patient 39) and TRAM34 (bottom left, Patient 39). Measurement of Area-under-Curve (AUC) and histograms representing mean AUC ± SD were used to compare the overall response to treatment. n = 4 independent biological experiments, unpaired t-test. * p = 0.037 (Zonisamide); ** p = 0.0028 (TRAM34); *** p = 0.0008 (Pyrimethamine).

Article Snippet: Zonisamide , MedChemExpress , HY-B0124.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Inhibition, Viability Assay, Derivative Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones and Mutant Protein Degradation in GABRG2(Q390X) Associated with Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus and Dravet Syndrome

doi: 10.3390/ijms25094601

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZNS selectively altered γ2 subunit expression in Gabrg2 +/Q390X mice. ( A ) Schematic depicting the experimental protocol for ZNS administration. ( B – E ) Gabrg2 +/Q390X mice and wildtype littermates of 1–1.5 months old were treated with 20 mg/kg ZNS or an equal volume of DMSO/saline vehicle, with daily intraperitoneal injections for 7 days. Brains were dissected, and lysates of the somatosensory cortex (cor), cerebellum (cb), thalamus (thal), and hippocampus (hip) were used for SDS-PAGE. The membranes after SDS-PAGE were immunoblotted for γ2 (1:1000) ( B ) or α1 (1:500) ( D ) subunit antibodies. Only the band of the wildtype γ2 subunit was quantified, as the γ2(Q390X) subunit is not always visible. In ( C , E ), specific protein IDVs were normalized to the loading control, ATPase (1:1000), and then to a paired vehicle-treated wildtype animal. N = 6–8 animals. Two-way ANOVA and Šídák’s multiple comparisons, examining simple effects within drug treatments, were used to evaluate statistical significance. ** p < 0.01. Values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M.

Article Snippet: ZNS (Tocris 2625, Bristol, UK) was dissolved in 10% DMSO and 90% 0.9% saline for a final concentration of 5 mg/mL.

Techniques: Expressing, Saline, SDS Page, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones and Mutant Protein Degradation in GABRG2(Q390X) Associated with Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus and Dravet Syndrome

doi: 10.3390/ijms25094601

Figure Lengend Snippet: BiP was upregulated in the mutant Gabrg2 +/Q390X mice and had a differential response to ZNS compared to the wildtype mice. ( A – D ) The wildtype and Gabrg2 +/Q390X mouse littermates at post-natal day 30–45 were treated with 20 mg/kg ZNS or an equal volume of DMSO/saline vehicle, with daily intraperitoneal injections for 7 days. Brains were dissected, and lysates of the somatosensory cortex (cor), cerebellum (cb), thalamus (thal), and hippocampus (hip) were used for SDS-PAGE. The membranes after SDS_PAGE were immunoblotted for BiP (1:500) ( A , C ) or Calnexin (1:500) ( B , D ). In ( C , D ), specific protein IDVs were normalized to the loading control, ATPase (1:1000), and then to a paired vehicle-treated wildtype animal. ( C , D ) N = 6–8 animals. Two-way ANOVA and Šídák’s multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05 vs. wt ZNS of the same brain region; δ p <0.05; δδδ p < 0.001 vs. wt vehicle of the same brain region. Values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M.

Article Snippet: ZNS (Tocris 2625, Bristol, UK) was dissolved in 10% DMSO and 90% 0.9% saline for a final concentration of 5 mg/mL.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Saline, SDS Page, Control

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health

Article Title: The Effect of Zonisamide and Ethanol on Various Types of Memory in Rats.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031815

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. The timeline of the experiment procedures. (A) First phase and (B) second phase of the study. ZN-zonisamide; MWM-Morris water maze test; PA-passive avoidance test; CFC-contextual fear conditioning; CuFC-cued fear conditioning.

Article Snippet: Zonisamide (Zonegran, Eisai®) was administered directly via an oral gavage to the stomach as a suspension in a 1% methylcellulose solution in the amount of 0.2 mL/100 g. The drug was administered repeatedly for three weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg once a day only to animals from the experimental groups (ZN+ET (Figure 1A) and ZN+ET (Figure 1B)).

Techniques:

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health

Article Title: The Effect of Zonisamide and Ethanol on Various Types of Memory in Rats.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031815

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Effect of zonisamide in MWM after one week of alcohol administration on the time needed to localize the platform (a), the distance travelled by rats in order to localize the platform (b), the time spent in the zone with platform (c); C(A)—control group; ET(A)—ethanol group; ZN+ET(A)– zonisamide and ethanol group.a Statistically significant difference between ET(A) and ZN+ET(A) on that day; p < 0.05, Kruskal−Wallis test. b Statistically significant difference between C(A) and ZN+ET(A) on that day; p < 0.05, Kruskal−Wallis test. d Statistically significant difference between the particular test day and test day 1; p < 0.05, the Friedman’s test. e Statistically significant difference between the particular 2 and 3 test days; p < 0.05, the Friedman’s test. The results are presented as median (horizontal bar), first and third quartiles (vertical column), and minimum and maximum (vertical line). Outliers are marked with circles.

Article Snippet: Zonisamide (Zonegran, Eisai®) was administered directly via an oral gavage to the stomach as a suspension in a 1% methylcellulose solution in the amount of 0.2 mL/100 g. The drug was administered repeatedly for three weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg once a day only to animals from the experimental groups (ZN+ET (Figure 1A) and ZN+ET (Figure 1B)).

Techniques: Control

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health

Article Title: The Effect of Zonisamide and Ethanol on Various Types of Memory in Rats.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031815

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Effect of zonisamide in MWM after three weeks of alcohol administration on the time needed to localize the platform (a), the distance travelled by rats in order to localize the platform (b), the time spent in the zone with platform (c). b Statistically significant difference between C(A) and ZN+ET(A) on that day; p < 0.05, Kruskal−Wallis test. c Statistically significant difference between C(A) and ET(A) on that day; p < 0.05, Krukal−Wallis test. d Statistically significant difference between the particular test day and test day 1; p < 0.05, the Friedman’s test. e Statistically significant difference between the particular 2 and 3 test days; p < 0.05, the Friedman’s test. The results are presented as median (horizontal bar), first and third quartiles (vertical column) and minimum and maximum (vertical line). Outliers are marked with circles.

Article Snippet: Zonisamide (Zonegran, Eisai®) was administered directly via an oral gavage to the stomach as a suspension in a 1% methylcellulose solution in the amount of 0.2 mL/100 g. The drug was administered repeatedly for three weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg once a day only to animals from the experimental groups (ZN+ET (Figure 1A) and ZN+ET (Figure 1B)).

Techniques:

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health

Article Title: The Effect of Zonisamide and Ethanol on Various Types of Memory in Rats.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031815

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Effect of zonisamide in MWM after 12 h from the discontinuation of ethanol administration on the time needed to localize the platform (a), the distance travelled by rats in order to localize the platform (b), the time spent in the zone with platform (c). a Statistically significant difference between ET(A) and ZN+ET(A) on that day; p < 0.05, Kruskal−Wallis test. d Statistically significant difference between the particular test day and test day 1; p < 0.05, the Friedman’s test. e Statistically significant difference between the particular 2 and 3 test days; p < 0.05, the Friedman’s test. The results are presented as median (horizontal bar), first and third quartiles (vertical column) and minimum and maximum (vertical line). Outliers are marked with circles.

Article Snippet: Zonisamide (Zonegran, Eisai®) was administered directly via an oral gavage to the stomach as a suspension in a 1% methylcellulose solution in the amount of 0.2 mL/100 g. The drug was administered repeatedly for three weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg once a day only to animals from the experimental groups (ZN+ET (Figure 1A) and ZN+ET (Figure 1B)).

Techniques:

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health

Article Title: The Effect of Zonisamide and Ethanol on Various Types of Memory in Rats.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031815

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. The effect of Zonisamide on memory in PA. The results are presented as median (horizontal bar), first and third quartiles (vertical column), and minimum and maximum (vertical line). Extreme values are marked with asterisks.

Article Snippet: Zonisamide (Zonegran, Eisai®) was administered directly via an oral gavage to the stomach as a suspension in a 1% methylcellulose solution in the amount of 0.2 mL/100 g. The drug was administered repeatedly for three weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg once a day only to animals from the experimental groups (ZN+ET (Figure 1A) and ZN+ET (Figure 1B)).

Techniques: